Manipulating Light-Induced Dynamic Macro-Movement and Static Photonic Properties within 1D Isostructural Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Cocrystals

Smart molecular crystals with light-driven mechanical responses have received interest owing to their potential uses in molecular machines, artificial muscles, and biomimetics. However, challenges remain in control over both the dynamic photo-mechanical behaviors and static photonic properties of molecular crystals based on the same molecule. Herein, we show the construction of isostructural co-crystals allows their light-induced cracking and jumping behaviors (photosalient effect) to be controlled. Hydrogen-bonded co-crystals from 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine ( NVP ) with co-formers (tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid ( THA ) and tetrafluorobenzoic acid ( TA )) crystallize as isostructural crystals, but have different static and dynamic photo-mechanical behaviors. These differences are due to alternations in the orientation of NVP and hydrogen-bonding modes of the co-formers. After light activation, the 1D NVP-TA crystal splits and shears off within 1 s. For NVP-THA , its photostability and high quantum yield give novel photonic properties, including low optical waveguide loss, highly polarized anisotropy, and efficient up-conversion fluorescence.     

高盐样品中锂的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定研究

锂是重要的战略金属和新能源材料,其开发利用受到全球的高度关注。在高盐卤水特别是盐湖卤水和地下卤水中富含巨量的锂资源,在对这些资源进行锂的开发利用过程中,需对锂的含量进行准确测定,然而卤水中共存的高浓度Na+, K+, Ca2+和Mg2+会对微量锂的准确测定产生严重的干扰。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)具有线性范围宽和多元素同步分析能力,针对卤水中锂的快速准确测定,详细开展了高盐样品中锂的ICP-OES分析方法研究。结果表明,锂在610.364 nm处具有较高的信噪比,且Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+和Ar不会对锂的测定产生显著的谱线干扰。然而,样品中大量共存的Na+, K+和Mg2+会对锂的测定产生严重的基体正干扰,而Ca2+产生负干扰。尽管内标法在消除基体干扰方面具有广泛的应用,但传统的以钇和钪为内标元素的内标法不能有效解决该问题。此外,针对标准加入法操作繁琐、不适合批量样品分析问题,以及基体匹配法需多离子匹配,且不适合样品基体组成变化的批量样品分析等问题,考察了采用单一组分进行复杂基体匹配的可行性。由于NaCl广泛存在于卤水中,且对锂的测定具有显著的增敏效应,通过系列研究发现,通过同时向样品和标准溶液中加入10 g·L-1的NaCl,成功解决了总量不超过40 g·L-1的NaCl, KCl和MgCl2所产生的干扰。尽管采用该法或沉淀预分离方式均不能消除Ca2+产生的负干扰,但当样品中Ca2+含量不高于1.8 g·L-1时,对测定不产生显著的影响。通过采用该方法对三种不同基体组成的卤水样品进行加标回收测定,其回收率在96.60%~104.20%范围内。此外,通过与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定结果进行对比,充分论证了该法的准确性和可靠性(相对误差±3.66%)。该法仅以单一的NaCl进行复杂基体匹配,不仅简化了操作,还实现了基体组成变化的批量样品分析,因而在卤水中锂的快速准确测定及锂资源开发利用方面具有重要意义。     

周期性管柱信道的声波通信技术研究综述

井下声波通信技术利用周期性管柱信道实时传输声波数据，相比于其他通信方式，具有适应性好、复杂度低、传输效率高等优点，在随钻地质导向、油水井监测等方面有广阔的应用前景，是发展智能油田的关键技术之一。本文主要综述上世纪90年代以来关于信道物理模型、信道容量、声信号调制与接收方法等关键问题的研究历程，并对通信系统的设计要点与国内外相关产品的现场应用进行梳理，为后续的技术改进提供依据。     

LC–MS/MS analysis of puerarin and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma after oral administration of Samso-eum and its application to pharmacokinetic study

The aim of this study was to confirm pharmacokinetic screening of multiple components in healthy Korean subjects after oral administration of Samso-eum and perform quantitation of active components in the human plasma. Thirteen potential bioactive components [puerarin (PRR), daidzin, nodakenin, ginsenoside Rb1, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GTA), 6-shogaol, naringin, glycyrrhizin, hesperidin, platycodin D, naringenin, hesperetin, and 6-gingerol] were screened based on literature. The results showed that three analytes (daidzin, naringenin, and hesperetin) were detected in trace amounts. In addition, PRR and 18β-GTA were detected in human plasma after the oral administration of Samso-eum. In this study, a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was validated for the simultaneous determination of PRR and 18β-GTA in human plasma. This was the first study to evaluate pharmacokinetics of PRR and 18β-GTA after the usual oral dose of Samso-eum (30 g containing 102.48 mg PRR, 48.18 mg glycyrrhizin) in human subjects.     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acid glycosides in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf,G. biloba leaf extract and its injection

Ginkgo biloba L. leaf (GBL) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in the world. Phenolic acids with biological activities have a relatively high content in G. biloba leaf extracts (GBE); therefore they are of great significance for the quality control of GBL, GBE and its preparations. However, there have been few studies focused on their analysis. In this work, 12 phenolic acids, including 11 phenolic acid glycosides, were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–Q-TOF/MS). Then, a method combining enzymolysis with HPLC was established for quantification of phenolic acid glycosides. It was found that the aglycones of phenolic acid glycosides mainly comprised five phenolic acids: 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid. The quantitative method was validated, and the correlation coefficient (0.9993–0.9999), recovery (≥88.4%), repeatability (≤0.8%), and inter-day precision (≤5.5%) were satisfactory. Finally, the contents of glycosides of five phenolic acids in GBL, GBE and GBE injection from different sources were determined by the developed method. The method was accurate, repeatable and practicable, which could be helpful for the quantification of phenolic acid glycosides in other products containing GBL or GBE.     

A molecular fluorophore in citric acid/ethylenediamine carbon dots identified and quantified by multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

The composition of fluorescent polymer nanoparticles, commonly referred to as carbon dots, synthesized by microwave-assisted reaction of citric acid and ethylenediamine was investigated by ¹³C, ¹³C{¹H}, ¹H─¹³C, ¹³C{¹⁴N}, and ¹⁵N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. ¹³C NMR with spectral editing provided no evidence for significant condensed aromatic or diamondoid carbon phases. ¹⁵N NMR showed that the nanoparticle matrix has been polymerized by amide and some imide formation. Five small, resolved ¹³C NMR peaks, including an unusual ═CH signal at 84 ppm (¹H chemical shift of 5.8 ppm) and ═CN₂ at 155 ppm, and two distinctive ¹⁵N NMR resonances near 80 and 160 ppm proved the presence of 5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (IPCA) or its derivatives. This molecular fluorophore with conjugated double bonds, formed by a double cyclization reaction of citric acid and ethylenediamine as first shown by Y. Song, B. Yang, and coworkers in 2015, accounts for the fluorescence of the carbon dots. Cross-peaks in a ¹H─¹³C HETCOR spectrum with brief ¹H spin diffusion proved that IPCA is finely dispersed in the polyamide matrix. From quantitative ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR spectra, a high concentration (18 ± 2 wt%) of IPCA in the carbon dots was determined. A pronounced gradient in ¹³C chemical-shift perturbations and peak widths, with the broadest lines near the COO group of IPCA, indicated at least partial transformation of the carboxylic acid of IPCA by amide or ester formation.     

超空泡射弹水下侵彻靶板三相耦合数值模拟

超空泡射弹侵彻问题的实质是特殊水下结构受到高速冲击载荷作用下的动态响应。对12.7 mm口径超空泡射弹侵彻典型水下目标壳体的毁伤效果开展研究,基于LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立水环境中超空泡射弹垂直侵彻曲面靶板的等效模型,探讨射弹侵彻过程中动能侵彻和气泡溃灭对靶板联合毁伤效果,获得了靶板在各阶段的应力变化和结构变形规律。结果表明:侵彻靶板前,射弹着靶速度为200 m/s时的头部表面水介质压力峰值达768 N,靶板表面有明显下凹变形;侵彻靶板时,伴随着射弹动能侵彻和气泡溃灭冲击,水介质造成的影响不足动能侵彻的2%;侵彻靶板后,在靶板正面形成峰值速度为42 m/s的水射流进一步作用于破口;靶板整体弯曲变形,在200~300 m/s范围内,随着射弹着靶速度的增加,靶板弯曲形变量减小;靶板局部发生延性穿孔,射弹在水环境中具有更好的破口效果,射弹速度变化对破口尺寸影响不大。     

Eu^3+激活氟氧硼酸锗酸盐闪烁玻璃的发光性能

采用传统高温熔融法合成了玻璃组成为B2O3-GeO2-15GdF3-(40-x)Gd2O3-xEu2O3(0≤x≤10)的Eu^3+激活氟氧硼酸锗酸盐闪烁玻璃。在硼锗酸盐玻璃基质中,Gd2O3和GdF3稀土试剂的总含量高达55%,从而确保其密度高于6.4 g/cm^3。闪烁玻璃的光学性能通过光学透过光谱、光致发光光谱、X射线激发发射(XEL)光谱和荧光衰减曲线来表征。玻璃中Gd^3+→Eu^3+离子的能量传递通过激发光谱、发射光谱和Gd^3+-Eu^3+离子间距得到证明,同时也确定了在紫外线和X射线激发下Eu^3+激活氟氧硼酸锗酸盐闪烁玻璃的最佳浓度。Judd-Ofelt理论分析了玻璃中Eu―O键的共价性随Eu^3+掺杂浓度增加而显著增强。Eu^3+激活氟氧硼酸锗酸盐闪烁玻璃在80~470 K温度范围内荧光衰减曲线和发射光谱的温度依赖关系最终证实了其具有较好的发光稳定性。     

利用改进的Gamow-like模型研究原子核的α衰变和质子放射性

通过引入离心势和静电屏蔽效应对Gamow-like模型进行了改进，并将其用于α衰变和质子放射性研究，发现改进的Gamow-like模型能更好地符合实验数据。另外，还利用改进的Gamow-like模型预言了16个丰质子核的质子放射性的半衰期以及7个$Z=120$超重核素($^{296-308}120$)α衰变链上原子核的α衰变的半衰期，为将来在大科学装置上合成和鉴别这些新核素提供重要的理论参考。